Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Luteolin Synergistically Enhances Antitumor Activity of Oxaliplatin in Colorectal Carcinoma via AMPK Inhibition

doi: 10.3390/antiox11040626

Figure Lengend Snippet: The change in volume and the immunostaining of sections of HCT116 xenograft tumors in mice treated with luteolin and oxaliplatin individually or their combination. ( A ) Fold changes in xenograft tumor volume. HCT116 tumors were xenografted in BALB/c nude mice. The mice received luteolin at 50 mg/kg BW/day and/or oxaliplatin at 10 mg/kg BW/day three times per week for 3 weeks. The tumor size was regularly measured using a caliper until the mice were sacrificed. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) ( n = 6–7 per group). A significant difference relative to the control group at p < 0.05 is indicated by an asterisk (*) or a hashtag (#). ( B ) Representative immunohistochemical images of the tumor sections. After the mice were sacrificed, the xenograft tumor tissue sections were dissected, sectioned, and immunostained for TUNEL (apoptosis marker; rhodamine-conjugated molecule was used for visualization, red fluorescence), PCNA (proliferation marker; FITC-conjugated IgG was used for immunostaining, green fluorescence), and DAPI (nuclear counterstain; blue fluorescence). Magnifications: 100× or 400×. Arrow heads colored in orange indicate the outer rim of tumor. Dotted lines colored in yellow indicate the cell clusters formed in the middle of the tumor mass.

Article Snippet: The tissue sections were rinsed with PBS and subsequently incubated in a blocking solution composed of 0.5% ( w / v ) bovine serum albumin and 0.2% ( w / v ) Triton X-100 in PBS for 1 h. The sections were then allowed to react with the primary antibody against proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-conjugated to Alexa Fluor ® 488 (#SC-56 AF488, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) that was diluted in the blocking solution to a final concentration of 2 μg/mL at room temperature for 2 h in the dark.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Standard Deviation, Control, Immunohistochemical staining, TUNEL Assay, Marker, Fluorescence

Journal: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E

Article Title: Placentation in the anteaters Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla (Eutheria, Xenarthra)

doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-102

Figure Lengend Snippet: Myrmecophaga tridactyla , mid gestation placenta. ( A ) Vimentin. Villi with positive connective tissue, enlarged mesenchymal cells (mc) and fetal capillaries (cap). Cellular (ct) and syncytial (syn) trophoblast were immunonegative, as well as trophoblast of trabeculae (trab). Remnants of the maternal vessel endothelium were absent. ( B ) Toluidine blue. Villi with two layers of trophoblast and hypertrophied mesenchymal cells. ( C , D ) TEM. The interhaemal barrier along the intervillous space (ivs) was thin and syncytial. Trophoblast cells occurred. Fetal capillaries with endothelium (endo) were near the surface ( E ) TEM. Trabeculae had solid strands of cellular trophoblast with large nuclei and liquid droplets (ld) and connective tissue (con tiss). ( F ) PCNA. Proliferation activity was high in trophoblast cell clusters of villi and trabeculae (white arrows). Also, proliferation occurred in hypertrophied mesenchymal cells and endothelia of the villi (black arrows).

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry (for details see [ , ]) for vimentin was done to detect mesenchymal cells, including remnants of the maternal endothelium and stromal decidua (mouse monoclonal anti-human antibody; RTU-VimV9; 1:300; Novacastra; Wetzlar, Germany), α-smooth muscle actin that similarly labeled vessel walls (1:400; Clone 1A4; Dako Cytomation; Carpinteria, California, USA), cytokeratin to identify epithelial tissues including trophoblast (rabbit polyclonal antibody; wide spectrum screening N1512; 1:100 ; D ako) and as proliferation marker a mouse monoclonal antibody to human anti-PCNA (proliferation cell nuclear antigen; clone PC10; 1:300; Sigma; St. Louis, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E

Article Title: Placentation in the anteaters Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla (Eutheria, Xenarthra)

doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-102

Figure Lengend Snippet: Myrmecophaga tridactyla , term placentas. ( A ) Vimentin. Villi were strongly vimentin-positive, in contrast to the solid trophoblast of trabeculae (trab). ( B ) Masson’s trichrome. Branching villi (arrows) with fibers. Fetal capillaries (arrowheads) near the surface of the villi. ( C ) Vimentin-negative syncytial trophoblast (syn) and trophoblast cells (ct). Positive response in hypertrophied mesenchymal cells (mc) and capillary endothelium (arrow). No remnants of the maternal endothelium were present along the villi and trabeculae. ( D ) Cytokeratin-positive trophoblast of the trabeculae (arrow). ( E ) Vimentin. Trophoblast (ct) of trabeculae (vimentin negative) occasionally invaded decidua (vimentin-positive). ( F ) PCNA. Proliferation in trophoblast of villi and trabeculae (arrows).

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry (for details see [ , ]) for vimentin was done to detect mesenchymal cells, including remnants of the maternal endothelium and stromal decidua (mouse monoclonal anti-human antibody; RTU-VimV9; 1:300; Novacastra; Wetzlar, Germany), α-smooth muscle actin that similarly labeled vessel walls (1:400; Clone 1A4; Dako Cytomation; Carpinteria, California, USA), cytokeratin to identify epithelial tissues including trophoblast (rabbit polyclonal antibody; wide spectrum screening N1512; 1:100 ; D ako) and as proliferation marker a mouse monoclonal antibody to human anti-PCNA (proliferation cell nuclear antigen; clone PC10; 1:300; Sigma; St. Louis, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Veterinary Research

Article Title: Peptide enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA) as a possible alternative to the neutralization test for evaluating the immune response to IBV vaccine

doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02757-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of the pELISA. a Specificity of the pELISA. The red horizontal dotted line indicates the cut-off value. EDS-76, AIV, NDV, ALV, IBDV, GPV, REV, and ILTV. b Correlation between the pELISA titer and neutralization titer. Notes: The ELISA titer means the maximum dilution of the serum sample with OD value greater than the pELISA’s cut-off. Serum samples 8282 and 8283 were the immune sera of the 4/91 vaccine strain; serum sample 8269 was the immune serum of the QXL87 vaccine strain; serum samples 4179, 4180 and 4187 were the immune sera of the M41 virulent strain; serum samples 3920, 3923 and 4041 were immune sera of the CK/CH/2014/FJ14 virulent strain; and serum samples 4201, 4204 and 4205 were immune sera of the H52 vaccine strain

Article Snippet: Such as, Ding et al. developed a multi-fragment antigen ELISA showed good coincidence ratio with the commercial ELISA (IDEXX) [ ].

Techniques: Neutralization, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: BMC Veterinary Research

Article Title: Peptide enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA) as a possible alternative to the neutralization test for evaluating the immune response to IBV vaccine

doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02757-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the peptide ELISA with an IFA

Article Snippet: Such as, Ding et al. developed a multi-fragment antigen ELISA showed good coincidence ratio with the commercial ELISA (IDEXX) [ ].

Techniques: Comparison, Peptide ELISA

Journal: BMC Veterinary Research

Article Title: Peptide enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA) as a possible alternative to the neutralization test for evaluating the immune response to IBV vaccine

doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02757-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: The correlation between the ELISA titer and neutralization titer for serum antibodies against IBV. Comparison of the titers measured by pELISA and a neutralization assay for chicken sera against CK/CH/2010/JT1 ( a ), CK/CH/2014/FJ14 ( b ). M41 ( c ), and the H52 attenuated vaccine ( d ). The ELISA titer means the maximum dilution of the serum sample with OD value greater than the pELISA’s cut-off. There were five serum samples evaluated at each time point, and each serum sample was independently tested three times

Article Snippet: Such as, Ding et al. developed a multi-fragment antigen ELISA showed good coincidence ratio with the commercial ELISA (IDEXX) [ ].

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Neutralization, Comparison

Journal: BMC Veterinary Research

Article Title: Peptide enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA) as a possible alternative to the neutralization test for evaluating the immune response to IBV vaccine

doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02757-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reactivity of the peptide with immune sera against different genotypes of IBV strains. (A) Reaction with immune sera against different IBV strains. The ELISA titer means the maximum dilution of the serum sample with OD value greater than the pELISA’s cut-off. ** p <0.01; ns (nonsignificant); p >0.05. (B) These sera were proven to be positive against IBV by an IFA. a, represents SPF chicken serum; b, c, d, e, and f represent M41 immune serum (Mass-type), 4/91 serum (4/91-type), CK/CH/2014/QL1403 serum (TC07-2-type), CK/CH/2014/FJ14 serum (QX-type), and CK/CH/2010/JT1 serum (New cluster-type), respectively. (C) Comparative amino acid sequence analysis of the peptides used for pELISA and the vaccine and reference strains used for immune serum production. “+” represented the positive serum against corresponding to strain could react with the peptide

Article Snippet: Such as, Ding et al. developed a multi-fragment antigen ELISA showed good coincidence ratio with the commercial ELISA (IDEXX) [ ].

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Sequencing